The authors conclude: “The response to COVID-19 has wrought historic investments in public health workforce, though the legislative intent behind these investments highlights their temporary, response-oriented nature. As the United States moves into a COVID-19 recovery period, one logical line of inquiry is what a post–COVID-19 governmental public health system ought to look like and what resources are needed to make that happen. The work presented in this article represents a first national estimate of FTE needs to ensure residents of the United States receive the minimum of public health protections they should expect.”